Differences in the level of knowledge and unreliable equipment make it difficult for health personnel in the home health care services to discover and diagnose urinary tract infection. We need national guidelines for the collection of urine samples and the use of urine dipsticks in the home care services.

They observe eye contact, comforting and other behaviours based on experience rather than by making use of recognised instruments. Their assessments are influenced by professional development opportunities, a heavy workload and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Involving a user and a professional translator may be appropriate when an instrument is translated and adapted to another culture.

Collaborative interdisciplinary meetings may increase the mutual respect between health professionals and provide more knowledge about the patient.

Different perspectives on what to prioritise, characterise the cooperation.

The instrument measures the collaboration between healthcare personnel and the relatives of frail elderly patients in acute hospital wards. Having a Norwegian version of the instrument will mean it can be used in our clinical practice and research.

A systematic literature review shows that six competence areas play a key role in enabling health personnel to give patients and service users good outcomes from self-management programmes.  

There is no difference in functional disability between women and men after having a stroke.

The postnatal period is a vulnerable time that involves reorientation and new experiences. Early visits by a midwife may therefore help enhance the women’s perception of coping.