The patients accepted being asked about their alcohol habits and being referred to an alcohol and drug counsellor. The under-60s were more positive.

The registered nurses found that the ISBAR communication tool improves the treatment and safety of patients in ICU and on general hospital wards by ensuring that transfer reports are made more standardised and time-efficient.

Few of the pupils had been informed that they could contact the school nurse during the school closure or had used the online chat service or helpline.

It will be more difficult to observe patients and perform clinical assessments. Nor do all patients have sufficiently good digital skills or adequate health literacy.

Parents in NICUs report good follow-up from contact nurses and doctors, as well as a high level of self-efficacy after discharge. However, parental guidance should be strengthened in some areas.

The infection control measures may have impacted negatively on the breastfeeding assistance provided for first-time mothers in postnatal facilities.  There was also a greater reliance on breast-milk substitutes than normal.

More and more studies are examining systems for early detection of clinical deterioration in non-hospital settings, but few have focused on older people and primary care.