A systematic literature review shows that six competence areas play a key role in enabling health personnel to give patients and service users good outcomes from self-management programmes.  

Differences in the level of knowledge and unreliable equipment make it difficult for health personnel in the home health care services to discover and diagnose urinary tract infection. We need national guidelines for the collection of urine samples and the use of urine dipsticks in the home care services.

Involving a user and a professional translator may be appropriate when an instrument is translated and adapted to another culture.

When ESAS is routinely used to map symptoms, the patients experience greater symptom relief and a better quality of life. However, not everyone uses the tool systematically.

Young girls want information about bleeding and irregular bleeding in relation to use of the contraceptive pill.

Parents who unexpectedly have a child with Down’s syndrome can interact with the child in a more constructive way when healthcare personnel talk to them in a positive manner immediately following the birth.

Simulation based communication courses can give improved communication skills and increased understanding of how the communication model may be used.