Involving a user and a professional translator may be appropriate when an instrument is translated and adapted to another culture.

Simulation based communication courses can give improved communication skills and increased understanding of how the communication model may be used.

The postnatal period is a vulnerable time that involves reorientation and new experiences. Early visits by a midwife may therefore help enhance the women’s perception of coping.

It can be an enormous burden to be the next of kin of a substance abuser. Health personnel can help the next of kin to find strategies that maintain and improve their mental health.

Weight is one of the simplest measurements of nutritional status. Nevertheless, a number of personnel in the community nursing services lack knowledge about nutrition and good routines for weighing patients. 

Healthcare personnel who work with parents who are mentally ill or have substance abuse problems are uncertain about their role. The support that the children receive can therefore be haphazard.

Family caregivers will need correct and relevant information and support from health care professionals to perform the significant caring role they have to take on.

A calm atmosphere with single rooms, flexible visiting hours and trust in the healthcare personnel can help the family members to serve as a resource for heart surgery patients with a prolonged stay in intensive care.