Differences in the level of knowledge and unreliable equipment make it difficult for health personnel in the home health care services to discover and diagnose urinary tract infection. We need national guidelines for the collection of urine samples and the use of urine dipsticks in the home care services.

Nurses can experience moral stress and feel a sense of shame when they are torn between a patient’s needs and the requirements of the treatment system. Ethical reflection in supervision can help.

The study’s informants were particularly apprehensive about critical emergencies and unsure how to use medical equipment such as bag valve masks.

There is a considerable gap between the health authorities’ recommended minimum norm for school nurse staffing and the actual figures at most schools in Norway.  

The father’s role has changed, and fathers have become more active as regards childcare. Nevertheless, they may feel excluded during pregnancy, childbirth and follow-up at the child health centre.