Nurses can experience moral stress and feel a sense of shame when they are torn between a patient’s needs and the requirements of the treatment system. Ethical reflection in supervision can help.

Some nurses say nothing about the problem of smell in order to protect the service user. However, the silence of the nurses reinforces shame and loneliness.

National and multi-regional hospitals appear to use procedures for set-up of instruments in the sterile field more often than local and regional hospitals.

Students who used this framework for communication conveyed more specific observations, gave fewer unfounded opinions, and experienced improvements in teamwork and patient safety.

With the use of multidose electronic prescriptions, sources of error linked to paper-based solutions have been eradicated. However, it is still challenging to achieve optimal handling of medication.

New reforms and time-consuming tasks such as cleaning, preparing food and poor ICT solutions mean that nurses give less priority to safety measures in connection with medication management.